A Comparative Study on Different Approaches of COVID-19 Vaccines



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Submitted Dec 25, 2022
Published Jul 6, 2023
10.24018/ejpharma.2023.3.4.58

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Worldwide recorded 324 million human infected coronavirus patients and a mortality rate of over 5.53 million till now. In this situation coronavirus type-2 has suddenly arisen as a global problem. It impacts all humans directly via disease and death and indirectly by isolation creates a tremendous financial and psychological barrier. It remains the most feasible method so far but is untenable beyond a lengthy period. At this time vaccine development is the most helpful strategy for controlling emerging virus strains. Pfizer/BioNTech (Ribonucleic acid vaccine), Johnson and Johnson, Novavax (UK), AstraZeneca, Sinovac (China), Moderna (Ribonucleic acid), CanSinoBio, and Covishield (India) etc. are among the firms involved in the continuing vaccination program, which is taking place all over the world. This assessment covers all aspects of COVID-19 and concentrates on the following approaches. Besides AI systems, advanced drug delivery systems (nanotechnology) and a trained immunity vaccination method are being used to advance the COVID-19 vaccine development cycle. We give a glimpse of a comparative evaluation of global vaccination approaches, efficacy, adverse effects, worldwide reached vaccination, a general review of clinical trials coronavirus disease-2019 vaccines also vaccine effectiveness against novel coronavirus variants based on real-world data. Also, variants considered is the influence of disquieting variants and under of interest.

Keywords: COVID-19, Nanotechnology, Vaccine approaches, Variants

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