The Role of an Aqueous Extract of Cactus on Histopancreatic Architecture in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats



Abstract Views
321

Downloads
268

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Jun 6, 2022
Published Aug 1, 2022
10.24018/ejpharma.2022.2.2.30

Abstract viewed = 321 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Herbs have been used as medicinal for several years to cure or rather manage different ailments such as diabetes mellitus. This is very common in rural settings of sub-saharan Africa and is now being adopted in urban areas. Opunta species have widely been seen to contain antihyperglycaemic effects. To evaluate the antihyperglycaemic and histopancreatic effect of aqueous extract of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia species) cladodes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats in vivo.

This was a laboratory based research conducted at Mulungushi University involving 30 wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that weighed between 160-200 g which were randomly selected into five groups (6 per cage); normal control, diabetic control, diabetic +metformin, diabetic +cactus and cactus only group. Initial blood glucose levels were obtained from the tail and record then Diabetes mellitus was induced using a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (70mg/kg BW) and established a persistent state of hyperglycemia after 72hours. The aqueous cactus extract of 100 mg/kg BW and metformin of 100 mg/kg BW was administered orally using intragastric cannula daily for a period of 4 weeks.

At the end of the fourth week, Diabetes + cactus and diabetes + metformin groups body weights were statistically significant when compared to the diabetic group (P<0.05). While diabetic group was statistically significant when compared to normal control (P<0.05). The relative weight of the pancreas in diabetic group was statistically significant to other groups (P<0.05). The blood glucose in diabetic + cactus was normoglycaemic at 3rd week, Diabetic + metformin group when compared to diabetic group was statistically significant (P<0.05). The normal control and cactus only groups maintained normoglycaemic till the end of the 4th week. The histological findings of the normal control and cactus only group showed normal pancreatic cytoarchitecture. Diabetes group showed high degree of disorganization in the cytoarchitecture in the islet with reduction in β cell mass and deposition of elastic fibres. The Diabetic+Metformin group showed slight decrease in the cell mass (β cells) and elastic fibres were extensively deposited. Diabetic+Cactus treated group exhibited normal histology of the pancreas with increased number of β cells.

Opuntia species are able to lower elevated blood glucose levels and ameliorate the effects of STZ on the pancreatic morphology

Keywords: Cactus, diabetes mellitus, pancreas, streptozotocin, Wistar rat

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Gyawali B, Ferrario A, van Teiilingen E, Kallestrup P. Challenges in diabetes mellitus type 2 management in Nepal: a literature review. Global Health Action. 2016; 9(1): 31704.
     Google Scholar
  2. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2004; 1: 5-10.
     Google Scholar
  3. Zimmet P, Alberti K, Magliano D. Diabetes mellitus statistics on prevalence and mortality; facts and fallacies. Natural Review Endocrinology. 2016; 12: 616-622.
     Google Scholar
  4. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Nigel U, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the international federation diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2019; 157: 107843.
     Google Scholar
  5. Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front Pharmacol. 2014; 4: 177.
     Google Scholar
  6. Muyenga T, Prashar L, Muungo T, Bwalya AG. The effect of Kigelia Africana fruit extract on blood glucose in diabetes induced mice. [Internet] 2015. [cited 2020 July 22] Available form: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335528459
     Google Scholar
  7. Yusuf UA, Adeeyo OA, Salawu EO, Enaibe BU, Omotoso OD. Allium cepa Protects Renal function in Diabetic Rabbit. World J. life Sci. and Medical Research. 2012; 2(2): 86-90.
     Google Scholar
  8. EI-Mostafa K, EI Kharrassi Y, Badreddine A, Andreoletti P, Vamecq J, El Kebbaj Said M, et al. Nopal Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) as a source of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition, Health and Disease. Molecules. 2014; 19(9): 14879-14901.
     Google Scholar
  9. Chichonyi AK, Mataka M, Bwalya GA, Munkombwe D, Kaonga P, Prashar L. Opuntia stricta cladode extract reduces blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. International Journal of Diabetes Rsearch. 2018; 7(1): 1-11.
     Google Scholar
  10. Berraaouan A, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Sindic M, Aziz M, et al. Evaluation of antidiabetic properties of cactus pear seed oil in rats. Pharm. Biol. 2014; 10: 10-12.
     Google Scholar
  11. Yusuf UA, Sijumbila G, Mesole BS, Mulemena JA, Kamvuma K, Eweoya OO, Adenowo KT. Histological study on the effects of aqueous extracts of citron leaf on pancreas of hyperglycemic wistar rats. Biol Sci Pharma Res. 2019; 7(5); 82-90.
     Google Scholar
  12. Adenowo TK, Yusuf UA, Adeeyo OA, Adegoke AA, Mesole SB, Okeniran OS. Neurobehavioural study on the effect of aqueous extract of Citrus medica leaf on prefrontal cortex of hyperglycemic wistar rats. Journal of Molecular Histology and Medical Physiology. 2018; 3: 1.
     Google Scholar
  13. Butterweck V, Semlin L, Bijroern F, Pischel I, Bauer K, Vershphol JE. Comparative evaluation of two different Opuntia ficus-indica extracts for blood lowering effects in rats. Phytotherapy Research. 2011; 25(3): 370-375.
     Google Scholar
  14. Szkudelski T, The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. Physiol. Res. 2001; 50: 537–546.
     Google Scholar
  15. Almalki DA, Alghamdi SA, Al-Attar AM. Comparative Study on the Influence of Some Medicinal Plants on Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin in Male Rats. BioMed Res. Int. 2019: e3596287.
     Google Scholar
  16. Hegazy EM, Hafiz NA, Rozik NN, Khalil WKB. Comparative study between powder and nanoparticles of dried cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) fruit peels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: anti-microbial and anti-genotoxic capacity. Annu. Res. Rev. Biol. 2018: 1–14.
     Google Scholar
  17. Adeeyo OA, Dare BJ, Yusuf UA, Okeniran OS, Ebiwonjumi AS, Ojo WA. Insulin profiling and histo-pancreatic architecture in STZ-induced Diabetes mellitus rats model treated with mistletoe and drum-stick aqueous leaf extracts. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2018; 5(2): 114-128.
     Google Scholar
  18. López-Romero P, Avila-Nava A, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Tovar AR, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Torres N. The effect of nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) on postprandial blood glucose, incretins, and antioxidant activity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes after consumption of two different composition breakfasts. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014; 114: 1811–1818.
     Google Scholar
  19. Council NR. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals: National Academies Press. [Internet] 2010. Available from: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-laboratory-animals.pdf.
     Google Scholar


Most read articles by the same author(s)